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The big stink

150 years ago London was a cesspit. The River Thames was the only drain the city had, it was full of human waste, cholera was rife and the smell was horrendous. As a thriving metropolis at the peak of an empire, London teemed with vitality. But all those productive citizens had to do their business, and all that excrement had to go somewhere.

Where it went, generally, was into chamber pots and thence into the streets or one of the city's 200,000 backyard cesspits. Most of it ended up in the river. This problem was perennial, but the summer of 1858 was unusually hot, causing bacteria in the pits and the river to multiply.

The city experienced what historians dubbed the Big Stink. The stench was so appalling that the House of Commons was overpowered. Anyone who could leave town did.

Politicians were forced to take action, in part because the smell was so bad. They constructed a sewerage system in the capital which resulted in falling levels of cholera. Adequate sanitation and clean water became something everyone expected not a right for a few.

Today, for billions, the big stink continues.

 
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